Riboflavin fortification of rice endosperm by metabolic engineering

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of riboflavin

BACKGROUND Riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor of the flavin cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is used commercially as an animal feed supplement and food colorant. E. coli is a robust host for various genetic manipulations and has been employed for efficient production of biofuels, polymers, amino acids, and bulk chemicals. Thus, the aim of this stu...

Pullulanase from rice endosperm.

Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds. Moreover, pullulanase from the endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Hinohikari) seeds was isolated and its properties investigated. The pI value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds, which shows that these two enzymes are the sam...

Rice Fortification in Developing Countries

Starch Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm

© 2014 TERRAPUB, Tokyo. All rights reserved. doi:10.5047/agbm.2014.00401.0001 water (Fig. 1) or treating it with alkaline, urea, or dimethyl sulfoxide through the cutting of hydrogen bonds between the starch molecules. It is thought that digestion of hydrogen bonds results in the unwinding of the double helices of parallel α-1,4 glucan chains in the crystal lamellae of amylopectin molecules. Th...

Central metabolic fluxes in the endosperm of developing maize seeds and their implications for metabolic engineering.

¹⁴C labeling experiments performed with kernel cultures showed that developing maize endosperm is more efficient than other non-photosynthetic tissues such as sunflower and maize embryos at converting maternally supplied substrates into biomass. To characterize the metabolic fluxes in endosperm, maize kernels were labeled to isotopic steady state using ¹³C-labeled glucose. The resultant labelin...